n moteri iyo ari yo yose igezweho yo gutwika, kashe zitangwa kugirango zibuze amavuta kumutwe wa silinderi kwinjira mubyumba byaka - ingofero ya peteroli.Wige byose kuri ibi bice, ubwoko bwabyo, igishushanyo n’ihame ryimikorere, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza ingofero - wigire kuriyi ngingo.
Igipfunyika cya peteroli ni iki?
Igipfunyika cyamavuta (capape scraper cap, kashe ya valve, glande ya valve, valve ifunga cuff) nikintu gifunga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gaze ya moteri yaka imbere hamwe na valve yo hejuru;Igikoresho cya reberi cyashyizwe kumurongo wamaboko hamwe na valve kugirango yemere amavuta ya moteri kwinjira mubyumba byaka.
Uburyo bwa valve buherereye mumutwe wa silinderi butera ikibazo gikomeye: amahirwe yamavuta yinjira mubyumba byaka kuva hejuru yumutwe.Amavuta acengera mu cyuho kiri hagati yikibabi cya valve nintoki ziyobora, kandi ntibishoboka gukuraho ibyo byuho.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, hakoreshwa ibintu bidasanzwe byo gufunga - ibisigazwa byamavuta (amavuta-asibanganya) ibipapuro biri hejuru yubuyobozi no gufunga ikinyuranyo kiri hagati yikibaho nuyobora.
Amavuta yo gusiga amavuta akora imirimo ibiri:
Gukumira amavuta yinjira mubyumba byaka bya silinderi mugihe hafunguwe;
Kwirinda imyuka iva mu cyumba cyaka cyinjira mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza gaze iherereye ku mutwe.
Turabikesha imipira, ibikenewe bikenewe byuruvange rwaka mucyumba cyo gutwika biratangwa (amavuta ntayinjiramo, ashobora guhungabanya uburyo bwo gutwika imvange, bigatuma umwotsi wiyongera ndetse no kugabanuka kuranga imbaraga za moteri ).Ingofero zidakwiriye, zishaje zihita ziyumva, bigira ingaruka mbi kumikorere ya moteri, bityo zigomba gusimburwa vuba bishoboka.Ariko mbere yuko ujya mububiko kugirango ushireho amavuta mashya ya valve, ugomba gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabo, ibishushanyo nibiranga.
Igishushanyo cya capape ya peteroli
Ubwoko nigishushanyo cya peteroli ya deflector
Ikimenyetso cya gland valve ikoreshwa kuri moteri zigezweho zirashobora kugabanwa muburyo bubiri ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera nuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho:
● Ingofero;
● Ingofero.
Ibice byubwoko bwombi bifite igishushanyo gisa, gitandukanye gusa muburyo bumwe nuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho.
kwishyiriraho ubwoko bwa cuff ubwoko bwa peteroli
Igishushanyo mbonera cyubwoko bwiminwa gishingiye kumpinduka ya diametre ya reberi ihindagurika, igice cyayo cyo hasi gikozwe kugirango gihuze na diameter yikiganza cyayobora, naho igice cyo hejuru gifite diameter yikibaho.Ingofero ikozwe muburyo butandukanye bwa reberi irwanya imitwaro myinshi yubushyuhe nubukanishi, akenshi fluororubber.Ubuso bwimbere bwumutwe - ubuso bujyanye nubuyobozi - burashishwa kugirango habeho guhuza neza no guswera neza.Ubuso bwuruti rwa valve mubusanzwe bukozwe muburyo bwuruhande rwakazi hamwe na beveri zitanga amavuta meza kuruti mugihe iyo valve yimukiye hepfo.
Kuruhande rwinyuma rwumutwe hari ikintu gishimangira - impeta ikomye ibyuma, ituma byoroha gukora mugihe ushyizeho kashe ya peteroli kandi ikwiye kwizerwa mugihe ikora moteri.Mugice cyo hejuru (mugihe cyo gufatisha inkoni ya valve) kumutwe hari isoko ya coil yazengurutswe mu mpeta - itanga guhuza ibice, bikabuza kwinjira mu mavuta no gucamo imyuka iva mu cyumba cyaka. .
Mu buryo bwubaka, ingofero zifunze zisa niminwa yiminwa, usibye ikintu kimwe: muri kashe ya peteroli, impeta ikomeye yicyuma ifite uburebure bwiyongereye, naho mugice cyo hepfo ikanyura mumurongo uringaniye wa diameter nini kuruta ingofero ubwayo .Iyo ushyizeho ingofero nkiyi, isoko ya valve iba kumurongo wacyo, ikemeza neza kashe.
Twabibutsa ko uyumunsi hariho na capitif ya deflector caps yo gushushanya.Igice cyo hasi cyakozwe na reberi yuzuye kandi idashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe, naho igice cyo hejuru gikozwe muri reberi yoroheje cyane, igera ku kurwanya cyane igice ku mizigo itandukanye.Guhuza ibice bikorwa nimpeta yicyuma yuburyo bugoye.
Ukurikije intego yabo, imipira yo gusiga amavuta igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri:
● Kubirindiro byo gufata;
● Kumashanyarazi.
Kubera ko gufata no gusohora ibyuma bifite diameter zitandukanye kuri moteri imwe, kashe ihuye nayo yashyizwemo.Kumenyekanisha kwizewe no gushiraho neza kwinjiza no gufata ibyuma bya valve, bifite amabara atandukanye.
Kwishyiriraho capage yubwoko bwamavuta
Nkuko bimaze kugaragazwa, imipira ya deflector yamavuta ishyirwa kumurongo wamaboko ya valve hanyuma igapfundikira ibiti bya valve igice cyayo cyo hejuru.Amavuta atemba kumurongo wa valve ahagarikwa nuruhande rwakazi hejuru yumutwe, bikabuza kwinjira mucyumba cyaka.Muri ubwo buryo, imyuka isohoka igumishwa kuruhande (byoroherezwa nisoko yimpeta).Ubukomezi bwuruhande rwakazi kugera kumurongo wa valve byemezwa nuburyo bworoshye bwa reberi hamwe nimpeta yinyongera.Umubare wibisigazwa byamavuta muri moteri uhuye numubare wa valve washyizweho.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza amavuta ya deflector caps neza
Amavuta yo gusiga amavuta nibice bisimburwa bigomba gusimburwa nibindi bishya uko bishaje.Kuri moteri zitandukanye, amagambo atandukanye yashyizweho kugirango asimburwe bisanzwe - kuva kuri 50 kugeza 150.000 km.Nyamara, kashe ikunze gushira igihe kitaragera, gukenera kuyisimbuza bigaragazwa numwotsi mwinshi wumuriro, kongera amavuta, ndetse na moteri ya lisansi - nayo isuka buji hamwe namavuta.Ibi birerekana ko impande zakazi zingofero zimaze gutakaza ubuhanga bwazo kandi ntizihuze neza nigiti cya valve, cyangwa ingofero zacitse, zahinduwe cyangwa zirasenywa.
Amacupa ya peteroli yamashanyarazi
Kugirango usimburwe, birakenewe gufata capape imwe ya peteroli yashizwe kuri moteri mbere.Rimwe na rimwe, izindi kashe za peteroli zirashobora gukoreshwa, ariko ni ngombwa cyane ko zubahiriza byimazeyo ibipimo byabanje kwishyiriraho nibikoresho byakozwe (cyane cyane mubijyanye no kurwanya ubushyuhe), bitabaye ibyo ingofero ntizigwa kandi ntizitanga gufunga bisanzwe.
Gusimbuza imipira ya peteroli igomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka.Mubisanzwe, ubu buryo butetse kuri ibi bikurikira:
1.Kuraho igifuniko cy'umutwe wa silinderi;
2.Niba ngombwa, gusenya amashusho, amaboko ya rocker nibindi bice bya disiki yigihe bizabangamira akazi;
3.Hindura igikonjo cya moteri kugirango piston, kumibande ya capa izahinduka, ihagarare hejuru yapfuye (TDC);
4.Kumisha valve nigikorwa gitandukanye gikorwa ukurikije amabwiriza yacyo.Kuma, birakenewe kugira igikoresho cyihariye cyo guhuza amasoko ya valve, magneti yo gukuramo igikoma nayo izaba ingirakamaro;
5.Nyuma yo gukuraho amasoko, gusenya (kanda) umupira - nibyiza gukoresha igikoresho kidasanzwe gifata collet, ariko urashobora gukoresha gusa pliers cyangwa screwdrivers ebyiri, ariko hano ni ngombwa kutangiza igiti cya valve;
6.Fata ingofero nshya, usige amavuta yimbere hamwe namavuta hanyuma uyakande kumaboko ukoresheje mandel idasanzwe.Urashobora kubanza gukuramo isoko kumutwe hanyuma ukayishyiraho.Biragoye cyane gushiraho ingofero idafite mandel kandi hafi buri gihe ibi biganisha ku kwangiza igice;
7.Kora ibikorwa byerekanwe kumutwe wose hanyuma usubire hamwe.
Ni ngombwa cyane gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugirango usimbuze amavuta ya deflector ya peteroli - puller idafite imbaraga na mandel yo gukanda.Bitabaye ibyo, hari ibyago byinshi cyane byo kwangiza imirimo yose no gukoresha amafaranga yinyongera.Nyuma yo gusimburwa, imipira ntisaba ubwitonzi budasanzwe, ni ngombwa rimwe na rimwe gusa kwitondera imiterere yabo ukurikije umwihariko wa moteri.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimbuza amavuta yo gusiga amavuta, amavuta mumutwe wa silinderi ntabwo azatera ibibazo, kandi imikorere ya moteri izaba yujuje ubuziranenge.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-26-2023