Buri modoka ifite ubushobozi bwo gufungura amadirishya kuruhande (umuryango), ishyirwa mubikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye - idirishya ryingufu.Soma ibyerekeye idirishya ryingufu icyo aricyo n'imikorere ikora, ubwoko ki, uko ikora kandi ikora muriyi ngingo.
Idirishya ryingufu
Idirishya ryingufu nuburyo bwo kuzamura no kumanura ikirahuri cyuruhande (umuryango) mumodoka, romoruki, ubuhinzi nibindi bikoresho.
Idirishya ryingufu ni iryimikorere ya sisitemu yimodoka, irakora
imirimo myinshi:
• Kugena umwanya wamadirishya yumuryango (kuzamura no kumanura);
• Kanda ikirahuri ahantu hazamutse kugirango umenye neza urugi;
• Gutunganya ikirahuri ahantu hatoranijwe;
• Igice - kurinda uburyo butemewe bwo kugera kumodoka mugihe idirishya rifunze na ajar (kubera gutunganya ikirahure).
Kuba hari idirishya ryingufu mumodoka bigufasha guhindura microclimate muri kabine, guhumeka, gukuramo umwotsi w itabi, nibindi, kandi, iki gikoresho cyoroshye cyongera uburyo bwo gukoresha imodoka, bigatuma mubihe bimwe na bimwe wirinda gufungura imiryango no kugenda imodoka.
Ubwoko nibiranga ingufu za Windows
Amashanyarazi ya Windows ashyirwa muburyo ukurikije ubwoko bwa drive hamwe nuburyo bwo guterura.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwa drive, windows power ni:
• Hamwe nintoki (imashini);
• Amashanyarazi.
Windows y'intoki ntikunze gushyirwaho kumodoka zitwara abagenzi zigezweho, zigenda zisimburwa buhoro buhoro n'amashanyarazi (ESP).Windows y'intoki iroroshye muburyo bwo gushushanya kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nubwo imodoka ihagaze.ESPs iroroshye kandi yorohewe, ariko irashobora gukoreshwa gusa mugihe umuriro ubaye.Kubwibyo, ubu buryo bwamaboko bukoreshwa cyane kuri za romoruki, zidasanzwe, ubuhinzi n’ibindi bikoresho, ndetse no ku makamyo.
Na none, ESP igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri ukurikije algorithm ya sisitemu yo kugenzura:
• Hamwe nubugenzuzi butaziguye (intoki) - gusa ingufu zitwara idirishya zitwara moteri igenzura moteri, isimbuza imashini yububiko bwidirishya;
• Hamwe na elegitoronike (yikora) igenzura - itangwa rya elegitoroniki igenzura, ryagura cyane ubushobozi bwidirishya ryingufu, ritanga imirimo itandukanye yikora.
Windows yamashanyarazi irashobora kugira uburyo bwo guterura bumwe mubwoko butatu:
• Umugozi - ikirahuri gitwarwa hakoreshejwe umugozi wicyuma, urunigi cyangwa umukandara;
• Lever - ikinyabiziga gikorwa na sisitemu ya levers (imwe cyangwa ebyiri) hakoreshejwe gari ya moshi;
• Rack na pinion - ikirahuri gitwarwa na gare yimukanwa igenda ikurikiranye neza na pinion.
Amashanyarazi yintoki arashobora kugira gusa umugozi na lever yo gutwara, ESPs ifite ibikoresho byo gutwara ubwoko bwose.
Idirishya ryingufu ryashyizwe mumyanya yimbere yumuryango, uburyo bukoreshwa nintoki bufite umusaruro uva kumurongo wimbere wumuryango, muri ESP ishami rishinzwe kugenzura riri kumaboko yumuryango (hariho nubugenzuzi bukuru; igice ku kibaho cyangwa konsole).
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya kabili idirishya
Muri rusange, umugozi wamadirishya agizwe nuburyo bwo gutwara, ibintu bigenda byoroha, ikirahure cyikirahure hamwe na sisitemu yo kuyobora.
Uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga burimo gari ya moshi hamwe na roller ijyanye nayo ituma urujya n'uruza rwa kabili.Gariyamoshi ya gare yakira itara riva kuri moteri cyangwa moteri yamashanyarazi, ikayihindura muburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu byoroshye.Na none muburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga harimo uburyo bwo gufunga amasoko atunganya ikirahuri mumwanya watoranijwe.
• Umuyoboro muremure wo gutanga amavuta mu mwobo (bikozwe gusa kumurongo uri kuruhande rwumuyoboro - iyi ni yo miyoboro yo hepfo yo hepfo hamwe no guhuza inkoni yo hejuru);
• Muri cola itera umurongo - inkuta zuruhande (collars) zo gutunganya ibyuma no kugabanya ingendo ya axial ya crankshaft.
Umurongo ni urwego rwinshi, shingiro ryarwo ni icyuma gifite icyuma kirwanya anti-friction gikoreshwa hejuru yacyo.Iyi coating niyo itanga kugabanya ubukana hamwe nigihe kirekire cyigihe cyo kubyara, ikozwe mubikoresho byoroshye kandi, nayo, ishobora no kuba myinshi.Bitewe n'ubworoherane bwacyo bwo hasi, igipfundikizo cya liner gikurura microscopique uduce duto twa crankshaft, bikarinda kuvanga ibice, guswera, nibindi.
Nkibintu byoroshye, umugozi wicyuma cya diameter ntoya ukoreshwa cyane, ariko birashoboka kandi gukoresha urunigi numukandara wigihe.Umugozi uzenguruka ibiyobora no kuyobora ibizunguruka, umubare wabyo ushobora kuba ibiri, ine cyangwa irenga, umuzingo utunganijwe kuburyo umugozi ufite amashami imwe cyangwa abiri ahagaritse (kugwa).Utwugarizo dushyizwe kuri ayo mashami afata impande zo hepfo yikirahure.Kuri disiki yizewe no gukumira kunyerera, umugozi kuri roller ya drayike ushyizwe muburyo bubiri.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimikorere ya kabili:
• Hamwe nishami rimwe rikora - umugozi ufite ishami rimwe rihagaritse, hejuru yikirahure;
• Hamwe n'amashami abiri akora - umugozi uzenguruka imizingo myinshi kandi ufite amashami abiri ahagaritse hejuru yikirahure.
Idirishya rya kabili rikoresha gari ya moshi muburyo bwa rack cyangwa tube, bigenda bikurikirana amashami ahagaritse ya kabili kandi bikagufasha kugenda neza.Kurinda kwambara no kwangirika, umugozi uri kumashami yatanzwe urimo uruzitiro rwa plastiki.Kandi kugirango hishyurwe kugabanuka k'umugozi wa kabili, haratanzwe amasoko yo gutoranya umugozi utangwa, uherereye kumpera yumugozi, uyihuza mumuzinga ufunze.
Umugenzuzi widirishya rya kabili ukora gusa: itara riva mumaboko cyangwa kuri moteri yamashanyarazi ryoherezwa muburyo bwo gutwara, rihindurwa na gari ya moshi hanyuma ikoherezwa kuri roller.Umugozi uherereye kuri roller ya disikuru yakira icyerekezo cyo gusobanura, kandi, ukurikije icyerekezo cyerekezo, uzamura cyangwa umanura ikirahuri hifashishijwe imirongo.Iyo uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga buhagaze, latch irakora (irashobora kuba isoko gusa cyangwa igikoresho gikomeye), kandi ikirahuri gihagarara mumwanya watoranijwe.
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya lever idirishya
Igenzura rya idirishya rigizwe nuburyo bwo gutwara, sisitemu ya leveri hamwe ninyuma hamwe nikirahure cyikirahure.
Uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bugizwe nibikoresho byo gutwara, byakira itara riva kuri moteri cyangwa moteri y'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'umurenge wa gare.Ikirangantego gihujwe cyane nu murenge w amenyo, kuruhande rwayo hakurya hari uruziga rwa diameter nto.Uruziga rwinjira ahantu h'urutare, ruhujwe na brake kandi rugashyirwa ku nkombe yo hepfo yikirahure.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamadirishya:
• Ukoresheje leveri imwe;
• Hamwe na sisitemu ya levers ("imikasi"), umwe muribo shobuja, undi umwe cyangwa babiri ni imbata;
• Ukoresheje amaboko abiri yo gutwara.
Idirishya ryingufu zifite amaboko abiri yo gutwara risa nuburyo bukoreshwa nuburyo bumwe, ariko bufite imirenge ibiri ihuza ibikoresho byo gutwara no gutwara ibinyabiziga.Uburyo hamwe na sisitemu ya leveri iraruhije, ifite icyuma kimwe gusa, hamwe numubare wimfashanyo utanga guterura no kumanura ikirahure hamwe nikirahure cyikirahuri kumwanya ibiri.Ubu bwoko bwuburyo bwirinda guterura no kumanura ikirahure kidasanzwe muburyo bukoreshwa namaboko abiri yo gutwara.
Igenzura rya idirishya rikora gusa: itara riva mumaboko cyangwa moteri yamashanyarazi ryanyujijwe mu bikoresho bigendesha umurenge wa gare, hanyuma bigahinduka muburyo bwo guhindura imikorere.Hamwe nuruhande rutandukanye, leveri isunika inyuma yikirahure hamwe nikirahure kijyana nayo, kwimura leveri byishyurwa no kunyerera umugozi wacyo kuruhande rwinyuma.Gutunganya ikirahuri mumwanya watoranijwe bikorwa nuburyo bwo gufunga isoko.
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya rack na pinion idirishya
Igenzura rya rack na pinion rifite igikoresho cyoroshye cyane.Ubwo buryo bushingiye ku igare rihuza ibikoresho byo gutwara, moteri y'amashanyarazi hamwe n'ikirahuri gishyiraho ikirahure.Iyi gare iherereye kumurongo uhagaze neza na pinion kugirango ibikoresho byo gutwara bifatanye namenyo yigitereko, kandi rack nayo ikora nkuyobora muri gare.
Rack na pinion ESP ikora gusa: itara riva kuri moteri yamashanyarazi rigaburirwa ibikoresho byo gutwara, ritangira kuzunguruka kuri rack hanyuma rikurura igare ryose inyuma yaryo - nuburyo ikirahuri kizamuka cyangwa kigwa.Iyo gare ihagaze, ibikoresho bifunga ibirahuri hamwe nikirahure gishyizwe mumwanya watoranijwe.
Ibiranga kugenzura no gukoresha amashanyarazi ya Windows
Mu gusoza, amagambo make yerekeye imiyoborere ya ESP.Kuri moderi yambere yibikoresho, hakoreshejwe igenzura ritaziguye, aho ikiganza cyasimbujwe buto cyangwa buto yo kugenzura moteri yamashanyarazi.Sisitemu nkiyi iroroshye, ariko ifite ibibi byinshi, kuburyo yasimbuwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike hamwe nibikorwa byinshi.Kurugero, ikirahuri kirashobora kuzamurwa no kumanurwa nigikoresho kimwe kigufi cyurufunguzo rwo kugenzura, sisitemu irashobora guhita ifunga amadirishya mugihe utanga imodoka, nibindi.
Igenzura rya kijyambere rya kijyambere ntikiri uburyo gusa, ahubwo ni sisitemu igoye ifite sensor, kugenzura no gukora, bigatuma imodoka yoroha kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2023