Imoto ngayinye inekhono lokuvula amafasitela ohlangothini (umnyango), osetshenziswa kusetshenziswa umshini okhethekile - iwindi lamandla.Funda mayelana nokuthi liyini iwindi lamandla nokuthi liyini imisebenzi, yiziphi izinhlobo, lisebenza futhi lisebenza kanjani kulesi sihloko.
Yini iwindi lamandla
Iwindi lamandla liyindlela yokukhulisa nokwehlisa ingilazi yamafasitela aseceleni (umnyango) ezimotweni, ogandaganda, ezolimo nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Iwindi lamandla lingelezinhlelo ezisizayo zemoto, liyayenza
imisebenzi eminingana:
• Ukulawulwa kokuma kwamafasitela eminyango (ukuphakamisa nokwehliswa kwawo);
• Ukucindezela ingilazi endaweni ephakanyisiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukucinana komnyango;
• Ukulungisa ingilazi kunoma iyiphi indawo ekhethiwe;
• Ngokwengxenye - ukuvikeleka ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe emotweni lapho iwindi livaliwe futhi livuliwe (ngenxa yokulungiswa kwengilazi).
Ukuba khona kwefasitela lamandla emotweni kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise i-microclimate ku-cabin, umoya-mpilo, ukhiphe intuthu kagwayi, njll. Futhi, le divayisi elula yandisa ukunethezeka kokusebenzisa imoto, okuvumela kwezinye izimo ukugwema ukuvula iminyango nokushiya. imoto.
Izinhlobo nezici zamafasitela kagesi
Amafasitela kagesi ahlukaniswa ngokohlobo lwedrayivu kanye nomklamo wendlela yokuphakamisa.
Ngokusho kohlobo lokushayela, amawindi kagesi alandelayo:
• Nge-manual (mechanical) drive;
• Iqhutshwa ngogesi.
Amafasitela enziwe ngezandla awavamile ukufakwa ezimotweni zabagibeli zesimanje, kancane kancane ashintshwa amawindi kagesi (ESP).Amafasitela enziwe ngezandla alula ekwakhiweni kwawo futhi angasetshenziswa ngisho nalapho imoto ipakile.Ama-ESP asebenziseka kalula futhi anethezekile, kodwa angasetshenziswa kuphela lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe.Ngakho-ke, izindlela zezandla manje sezisetshenziswa kabanzi kumagandaganda, akhethekile, ezolimo nezinye izinto zokusebenza, kanye nasemalolini.
Ngokulandelayo, ama-ESP ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya nge-algorithm yohlelo lokulawula:
• Ngokulawula okuqondile (okwenziwa ngesandla) - iyunithi yokulawula injini yefasitela lamandla kuphela enikezwayo, ethatha indawo yesibambo sefasitela esisebenza ngomshini;
• Ngokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi (okuzenzakalelayo) - iyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi inikezwa, eyandisa kakhulu amandla efasitela lamandla, inikeze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ezenzakalelayo.
Amawindi kagesi angaba nendlela yokuphakamisa eyodwa yezinhlobo ezintathu:
• Ikhebula - ingilazi iqhutshwa kusetshenziswa intambo yensimbi, iketanga noma ibhande;
• I-Lever - idrayivu yenziwa ngohlelo lwezinsimbi (eyodwa noma ezimbili) ngesitimela segiya;
• I-Rack ne-pinion - ingilazi ishayelwa inqola ehambayo ehamba eduze kwe-rack engashintshi kanye ne-pinion.
Amafasitela wamandla okwenziwa ngesandla angaba nekhebula kanye ne-lever drive mechanism, ama-ESP afakwe izindlela zokushayela zazo zonke izinhlobo.
Ifasitela lamandla lifakwe emgodini ongaphakathi womnyango, izindlela eziqhutshwa ngesandla zinokukhipha isibambo kuphaneli yangaphakathi yomnyango, ku-ESP iyunithi yokulawula itholakala endaweni yokuphumula yomnyango (kukhona nokulawula okuphakathi. iyunithi kudeshibhodi noma ikhonsoli).
Idizayini kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwesilawuli sefasitela lekhebula
Ngokuvamile, isilawuli sefasitela lekhebula siqukethe umshini wokushayela, into ehambayo eguquguqukayo, ibakaki lengilazi kanye nesistimu ye-roller yomhlahlandlela.
Indlela yokushayela iqukethe isitimela segiya kanye nerola yokushayela ehambisanayo eqinisekisa ukunyakaza kwekhebula.Isitimela segiya sithola i-torque kusuka kusibambo noma injini kagesi, bese siyiguqulela ekunyakazeni kokuhumusha kwento eguqukayo.Futhi kumshini wokushayela kukhona indlela yokukhiya entwasahlobo elungisa ingilazi endaweni ekhethiwe.
• I-Longitudinal groove yokunikezwa kwamafutha emgodini (okwenziwa kuphela ku-liner etholakala eceleni kwesiteshi - lena i-liner eyinhloko ephansi kanye ne-rod rod liner ephezulu);
• Ku-collar thrust liners - izindonga ezisemaceleni (amakholomu) zokulungisa i-bearing kanye nokukhawulela ukunyakaza kwe-axial ye-crankshaft.
I-liner iyisakhiwo se-multilayer, isisekelo sayo ipuleti yensimbi ene-anti-friction coating esetshenziswa endaweni yayo yokusebenza.Yilesi sigqoko esihlinzeka ngokuncishiswa kokungqubuzana kanye nempilo ende yesevisi yokuthwala, yenziwe ngezinto ezithambile futhi, futhi, ingaba ne-multilayered.Ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo okuphansi, i-liner coating idonsa izinhlayiya ezincane zokugqoka kwe-crankshaft, ivimbele ukuminyana kwezingxenye, ukuklolodela, njll.
Njengento eguquguqukayo, ikhebula lensimbi lobubanzi obuncane livame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa iketanga kanye nebhande lesikhathi.Ikhebula lidlula i-drive kanye nama-roller aqondisayo, inani lawo angaba amabili, amane noma ngaphezulu, ama-roller ahlelwe ukuze ikhebula libe negatsha elilodwa noma amabili aqondile (awayo).Abakaki bafakwe kulawa magatsha abamba unqenqema olungezansi lwengilazi.Ukuze uthole idrayivu ethembekile futhi uvimbele ukushelela, intambo eku-drive roller ibekwe ngokuphenduka okubili.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zendlela yokushayela ikhebula:
• Ngegatsha elilodwa elisebenzayo - ikhebula linegatsha elilodwa kuphela eliqondile, lapho i-glass bracket itholakala khona;
• Ngamagatsha amabili asebenzayo - ikhebula lidlula ama-roller amaningana futhi linamagatsha amabili aqondile lapho kubakaki bengilazi batholakala khona.
Amafasitela ekhebula avame ukusebenzisa ama-rails ngendlela ye-rack noma ishubhu, ehamba eduze kwamagatsha aqondile ekhebula futhi aqinisekise ukunyakaza okulungile kobakaki.Ukuze uvikeleke ekugugeni kanye nokugqwala, ikhebula emagatsheni okunikezwayo livalwe emgodleni wepulasitiki.Futhi ukunxephezela ukuxegiswa kwe-cable tension, kunikezwa imithombo yokukhetha i-cable slack, etholakala ekugcineni kwekhebula, ukuyixhuma ku-loop evaliwe.
Isilawuli sefasitela lekhebula sisebenza kalula: i-torque evela esibambo noma kusuka ku-motor kagesi idluliselwa kumshini wokushayela, iguqulwa isitimela segiya futhi idluliselwe ku-roller drive.Ikhebula elitholakala ku-roller yedrayivu ithola ukunyakaza kokuhumusha, futhi, kuye ngokuthi isiqondiso sokunyakaza, iphakamisa noma yehlisa ingilazi ngosizo lwabakaki.Lapho indlela yokushayela ima, i-latch iyasebenza (kungaba nje intwasahlobo noma idivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi), futhi ingilazi iyama endaweni ekhethiwe.
Idizayini kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwesilawuli sewindi le-lever
Isilawuli sewindi le-lever siqukethe i-drive mechanism, isistimu ye-lever kanye ne-backstage enobakaki wokukhweza ingilazi.
Umshini wokushayela uqukethe igiya lokushayela, elithola i-torque kwisibambo noma injini kagesi, kanye nomkhakha wegiya.I-lever ixhunywe ngokuqinile emkhakheni wamazinyo, ekugcineni okuphambene lapho kukhona i-roller yobubanzi obuncane.I-roller ingena ku-slot ye-rocker, exhunywe kubakaki futhi igxilwe ngokuqinile emaphethelweni aphansi engilazi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zewindi le-lever:
• Nge-lever eyodwa;
• Ngohlelo lwama-levers ("isikelo"), enye yazo eyinkosi, futhi eyodwa noma ezimbili ngaphezulu ziyizigqila;
• Ngezingalo ezimbili zokushayela.
Iwindi lamandla elinezingalo zokushayela ezimbili lifana nesakhiwo esine-lever eyodwa, kodwa linamagiya amabili axhunywe egiyeni lokushayela kanye nezinsimbi zokuthwala.I-mechanical ene-lever system iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ine-lever eyodwa kuphela yokushayela, kanye nenani lezinsimbi ezisizayo ezihlinzeka ngokuphakamisa nokwehlisa ingilazi ngokusekelwa kwengilazi emaphoyinti amabili.Lolu hlobo lwemishini lugwema ukuphakamisa nokwehliswa okungalingani kwengilazi etholakala ezindleleni ezinezingalo zokushayela ezimbili.
Isilawuli sefasitela le-lever sisebenza kalula: i-torque evela kusibambo noma i-motor kagesi idluliswa ngegiya lokushayela iye emkhakheni wegiya, bese iguqulwa ibe ukunyakaza kokuhumusha kwe-lever.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-lever iphusha i-backstage kanye nengilazi ehlotshaniswa nayo, ukususwa kwe-lever kunxeshezelwa ngokuslayida i-roller yayo emseleni we-backstage.Ukulungisa ingilazi endaweni ekhethiwe kwenziwa umshini wokukhiya intwasahlobo.
Idizayini kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-rack kanye ne-pinion window regulator
Isilawuli se-rack ne-pinion window sinedivayisi elula kakhulu.Lo mshini usekelwe enqoleni ehlanganisa igiya lokushayela, injini kagesi kanye nobakaki ofaka ingilazi.Inqola itholakala ku-rack eqondile kanye ne-pinion ukuze igiya lokushayela lihlangane namazinyo e-rack, futhi i-rack iphinde isebenze njengomhlahlandlela wenqola.
I-rack kanye ne-pinion ESP isebenza kalula: i-torque evela ku-motor kagesi ifakwa egiyeni lokushayela, iqala ukugoqa i-rack bese idonsa yonke inqola ngemuva kwayo - yile ndlela ingilazi ephakama ngayo noma ewa.Lapho inqola ima, igiya liyakhiya futhi ingilazi igxilile endaweni ekhethiwe.
Izici zokulawula nokusebenza kwamafasitela kagesi
Sengiphetha, amazwi ambalwa mayelana nokuphathwa kwe-ESP.Kumamodeli wangaphambili wamadivayisi, ukulawula okuqondile kwasetshenziswa, lapho isibambo sashintshwa inkinobho noma izinkinobho zokulawula injini kagesi.Uhlelo olunjalo lulula, kodwa lunezithiyo eziningi, ngakho-ke lwathathelwa indawo uhlelo lokulawula ngogesi olunemisebenzi eminingi.Isibonelo, ingilazi ingaphakanyiswa futhi yehliswe ngokucindezela okukodwa okufushane kokhiye wokulawula, uhlelo lungavala ngokuzenzakalelayo amafasitela lapho uhlomisa imoto, njll.
Isilawuli sefasitela sesimanje asiseyona nje indlela, kodwa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi enezinzwa, isilawuli kanye nama-actuator, okwenza imoto ibe lula futhi ikhululeke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2023